Printed circuit board (PCB) Market 2023-2027: A descriptive analysis of parent market, five forces model, market dynamics, and segmentation - Technavio

NEW YORK, Dec. 1, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- According to Technavio, the global printed circuit board (PCB) market size is projected to grow by USD 19,059.2 million from 2022 to 2027. The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 5.05% during the forecast period. Moreover, the growth momentum will accelerate. APAC held the largest share of the global market in 2022, and the market in the region is estimated to witness an incremental growth of 84%.

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Global printed circuit board (PCB) market - Parent market analysis

Technavio categorizes the global printed circuit board (PCB) market as a part of the electronic components market, which covers manufacturers of communications equipment, technology hardware storage and peripherals, electronic equipment and instruments, electronic components, consumer electronics, and industrial electronics products, as well as electronic manufacturing services. Technavio calculates the global electronics market size by considering the revenue generated from sales of the associated information communication and technology and electronics products, equipment, and components.

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Global printed circuit board (PCB) market - Five Forces

The global printed circuit board (PCB) market is fragmented, and the five forces analysis covers?

• Bargaining power of buyers
• Threat of new entrants
• Threat of rivalry
• Bargaining power of suppliers
• Threat of substitutes
• Interpretation of Porter's Five Forces model helps to strategize the business, for entire details - buy report!
   

Global printed circuit board (PCB) market ? Customer landscape

The report includes the market's adoption lifecycle, from the innovator's stage to the laggard's stage. It focuses on adoption rates in different regions based on the penetration. Furthermore, the report also includes key purchase criteria and drivers of price sensitivity to help companies evaluate and develop their growth strategies.

Global printed circuit board (PCB) market - Segmentation assessment

Segment overview

Technavio has segmented the market based on end-user, product, and region.

• The communication network infrastructure segment will grow at the highest rate during the forecast period. The demand for PCBs in this segment will be driven by positive market trends in mobile broadband and big data management. Moreover, with the growth of communication network infrastructure equipment, the demand for PCBs will rise during the forecast period. 

Geography overview

Based on geography, the global printed circuit board (PCB) market is segmented into North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and the Middle East and Africa. The report provides actionable insights and estimates the contribution of all regions to the growth of the global printed circuit board (PCB) market.

• APAC held 84% of the global printed circuit board (PCB) market in 2022. The market in the region is estimated to grow at the fastest pace during the forecast period. One of the main factors for the growth of the market in the region is the growing demand for electronics from the automotive, aerospace, and electronic and electrical industries in developing countries such as China and India. Furthermore, the demand for PCBs is increasing steadily in APAC owing to industrial automation.

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Global printed circuit board (PCB) market ? Market dynamics

Key factors driving market growth

• The rising adoption of smartphones is driving the global PCB market growth. This is attributed to the availability of low-cost smartphones and increasing global Internet penetration.
• Developing countries such as India and China are becoming emerging markets for smartphones owing to the increasing disposable income of people and the large population.
• Furthermore, smartphones have progressed from 4G LTE to 5G, and RF front-ends use more space in 5G smartphones due to the complexity of massive multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) antenna arrangements.
• Such factors will drive the fuel of the PCB market during the forecast period.

Recent trends influencing the market

• Increasing industry automation is a key trend in the market. The adoption of automation in industries is gaining traction for effective and efficient control systems.
• PCBs play a significant role in ensuring efficient consumption of power, as they can withstand high temperatures and voltages.
• Such factors will support the growth of the global PCB market during the forecast period. 

Major challenges hindering market growth

• Environmental concerns regarding the disposal of PCBs are challenging the global PCB market growth.
• PCBs comprise hazardous components and materials that are harmful to the environment. The epoxy resins used in PCBs contain a large amount of chlorine.
• Hence, the industry has transitioned to lead-free soldiers to reduce the number of toxic materials.
• However, recycling of PCBs leads to a rise in temperature, risk of mechanical shock, and delamination.
• These factors will adversely impact the global PCB market during the forecast period.

Drivers, Trends, and Challenges are the factors of market dynamics that state about consequences and sustainability of businesses. Find some insights from a free sample report!

What are the key data covered in this printed circuit board (PCB) market report?

• CAGR of the market during the forecast period
• Detailed information on factors that will drive the growth of the printed circuit board (PCB) market between 2023 and 2027
• Precise estimation of the size of the printed circuit board (PCB) market and its contribution to the parent market
• Accurate predictions about upcoming trends and changes in consumer behavior
• Growth of the printed circuit board (PCB) market across APAC, North America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, and South America
• Thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information about vendors
• Comprehensive analysis of factors that will challenge the growth of printed circuit board (PCB) market vendors

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Related reports:

• The flexible printed circuit board market size is projected to grow by USD 1.64 billion with a CAGR of 3.73% between 2021 to 2026. The market is segmented by end-user (consumer electronics, automotive, industrial, and others) and geography (North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and the Middle East and Africa).
• The programmable application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) market size is projected to grow by USD 2.05 billion with a CAGR of 8.71% between 2021 to 2026. The market is segmented by application (consumer electronics, telecommunication, automotive, and others) and geography (North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and the Middle East and Africa). 

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Table of Contents:

1 Executive Summary

• 1.1 Market overview 
• Exhibit 01: Executive Summary ? Chart on Market Overview
• Exhibit 02: Executive Summary ? Data Table on Market Overview
• Exhibit 03: Executive Summary ? Chart on Global Market Characteristics
• Exhibit 04: Executive Summary ? Chart on Market by Geography
• Exhibit 05: Executive Summary ? Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user
• Exhibit 06: Executive Summary ? Chart on Market Segmentation by Product
• Exhibit 07: Executive Summary ? Chart on Incremental Growth
• Exhibit 08: Executive Summary ? Data Table on Incremental Growth
• Exhibit 09: Executive Summary ? Chart on Vendor Market Positioning

2 Market Landscape

• 2.1 Market ecosystem 
• Exhibit 10: Parent market
• Exhibit 11: Market Characteristics

3 Market Sizing

• 3.1 Market definition 
• Exhibit 12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition

• 3.2 Market segment analysis 
• Exhibit 13: Market segments

• 3.3 Market size 2022

• 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

4 Historic Market Size

• 4.1 Global printed circuit board market 2017 - 2021
• Exhibit 18: Historic Market Size ? Data Table on Global printed circuit board market 2017 - 2021 ($ million)

• 4.2 Product Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021 
• Exhibit 19: Historic Market Size ? Product Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)

• 4.3 End-user Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021 
• Exhibit 20: Historic Market Size ? End-user Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)

• 4.4 Geography Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021 
• Exhibit 21: Historic Market Size ? Geography Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)

• 4.5 Country Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021 
• Exhibit 22: Historic Market Size ? Country Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)

5 Five Forces Analysis

• 5.1 Five forces summary 
• Exhibit 23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between2022 and 2027

• 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers 
• Exhibit 24: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers ? Impact of key factors 2022 and 2027

• 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers 
• Exhibit 25: Bargaining power of suppliers ? Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027

• 5.4 Threat of new entrants 
• Exhibit 26: Threat of new entrants ? Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027

• 5.5 Threat of substitutes 
• Exhibit 27: Threat of substitutes ? Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027

• 5.6 Threat of rivalry 
• Exhibit 28: Threat of rivalry ? Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027

• 5.7 Market condition 
• Exhibit 29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2022 and 2027

6 Market Segmentation by End-user

• 6.1 Market segments 
• Exhibit 30: Chart on End-user - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 31: Data Table on End-user - Market share 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.2 Comparison by End-user 
• Exhibit 32: Chart on Comparison by End-user
• Exhibit 33: Data Table on Comparison by End-user

• 6.3 Communication network infrastructure - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 34: Chart on Communication network infrastructure - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 35: Data Table on Communication network infrastructure - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 36: Chart on Communication network infrastructure - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 37: Data Table on Communication network infrastructure - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.4 Consumer electronics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 38: Chart on Consumer electronics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 39: Data Table on Consumer electronics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 40: Chart on Consumer electronics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 41: Data Table on Consumer electronics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.5 Automotive electronics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 42: Chart on Automotive electronics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 43: Data Table on Automotive electronics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 44: Chart on Automotive electronics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 45: Data Table on Automotive electronics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.6 Military and aerospace - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 46: Chart on Military and aerospace - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 47: Data Table on Military and aerospace - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 48: Chart on Military and aerospace - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 49: Data Table on Military and aerospace - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.7 Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 50: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 51: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 52: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 53: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.8 Market opportunity by End-user 
• Exhibit 54: Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)

7 Market Segmentation by Product

• 7.1 Market segments 
• Exhibit 55: Chart on Product - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 56: Data Table on Product - Market share 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.2 Comparison by Product 
• Exhibit 57: Chart on Comparison by Product
• Exhibit 58: Data Table on Comparison by Product

• 7.3 4-6 low - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 59: Chart on 4-6 low - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 60: Data Table on 4-6 low - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 61: Chart on 4-6 low - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 62: Data Table on 4-6 low - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.4 Substrates - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 63: Chart on Substrates - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 64: Data Table on Substrates - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 65: Chart on Substrates - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 66: Data Table on Substrates - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.5 1-2 sided - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 67: Chart on 1-2 sided - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 68: Data Table on 1-2 sided - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 69: Chart on 1-2 sided - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 70: Data Table on 1-2 sided - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.6 Flexible - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 71: Chart on Flexible - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 72: Data Table on Flexible - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 73: Chart on Flexible - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 74: Data Table on Flexible - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.7 Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 75: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 76: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 77: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 78: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.8 Market opportunity by Product 
• Exhibit 79: Market opportunity by Product ($ million)

8 Customer Landscape

• 8.1 Customer landscape overview 
• Exhibit 80: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria

9 Geographic Landscape

• 9.1 Geographic segmentation 
• Exhibit 81: Chart on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 82: Data Table on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.2 Geographic comparison 
• Exhibit 83: Chart on Geographic comparison
• Exhibit 84: Data Table on Geographic comparison

• 9.3 APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 85: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 86: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 87: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 88: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.4 North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 89: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 90: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 91: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 92: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.5 Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 93: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 94: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 95: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 96: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.6 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 97: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 98: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 99: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 100: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.7 South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 101: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 102: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 103: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 104: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.8 China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 105: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 106: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 107: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 108: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.9 Taiwan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 109: Chart on Taiwan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 110: Data Table on Taiwan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 111: Chart on Taiwan - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 112: Data Table on Taiwan - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.10 South Korea - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 113: Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 114: Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 115: Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 116: Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.11 Japan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 117: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 118: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 119: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 120: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.12 US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 121: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 122: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
• Exhibit 123: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 124: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.13 Market opportunity by geography 
• Exhibit 125: Market opportunity by geography ($ million)

10 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

• 10.1 Market drivers

• 10.2 Market challenges

• 10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges 
• Exhibit 126: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2022 and 2027

• 10.4 Market trends

11 Vendor Landscape

• 11.1 Overview

• 11.2 Vendor landscape 
• Exhibit 127: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation

• 11.3 Landscape disruption 
• Exhibit 128: Overview on factors of disruption

• 11.4 Industry risks 
• Exhibit 129: Impact of key risks on business

12 Vendor Analysis

• 12.1 Vendors covered 
• Exhibit 130: Vendors covered

• 12.2 Market positioning of vendors 
• Exhibit 131: Matrix on vendor position and classification

• 12.3 Advanced Circuits Inc. 
• Exhibit 132: Advanced Circuits Inc. - Overview
• Exhibit 133: Advanced Circuits Inc. - Product / Service
• Exhibit 134: Advanced Circuits Inc. - Key offerings

• 12.4 China Circuit Technology Shantou Corp.
• Exhibit 135: China Circuit Technology Shantou Corp. - Overview
• Exhibit 136: China Circuit Technology Shantou Corp. - Product / Service
• Exhibit 137: China Circuit Technology Shantou Corp. - Key offerings

• 12.5 Compeq Manufacturing Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 138: Compeq Manufacturing Co. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 139: Compeq Manufacturing Co. Ltd. - Business segments
• Exhibit 140: Compeq Manufacturing Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
• Exhibit 141: Compeq Manufacturing Co. Ltd. - Segment focus

• 12.6 Daedeok Electronics Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 142: Daedeok Electronics Co. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 143: Daedeok Electronics Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
• Exhibit 144: Daedeok Electronics Co. Ltd. - Key offerings

• 12.7 Dana Inc. 
• Exhibit 145: Dana Inc. - Overview
• Exhibit 146: Dana Inc. - Business segments
• Exhibit 147: Dana Inc. - Key news
• Exhibit 148: Dana Inc. - Key offerings
• Exhibit 149: Dana Inc. - Segment focus

• 12.8 Dynamic Electronics Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 150: Dynamic Electronics Co. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 151: Dynamic Electronics Co. Ltd. - Business segments
• Exhibit 152: Dynamic Electronics Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
• Exhibit 153: Dynamic Electronics Co. Ltd. - Segment focus

• 12.9 Ibiden Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 154: Ibiden Co. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 155: Ibiden Co. Ltd. - Business segments
• Exhibit 156: Ibiden Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
• Exhibit 157: Ibiden Co. Ltd. - Segment focus

• 12.10 Korea Circuit Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 158: Korea Circuit Co. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 159: Korea Circuit Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
• Exhibit 160: Korea Circuit Co. Ltd. - Key offerings

• 12.11 MFS Technology S Pte Ltd. 
• Exhibit 161: MFS Technology S Pte Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 162: MFS Technology S Pte Ltd. - Product / Service
• Exhibit 163: MFS Technology S Pte Ltd. - Key offerings

• 12.12 NOK Corp. 
• Exhibit 164: NOK Corp. - Overview
• Exhibit 165: NOK Corp. - Business segments
• Exhibit 166: NOK Corp. - Key offerings
• Exhibit 167: NOK Corp. - Segment focus

• 12.13 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 168: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 169: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. - Business segments
• Exhibit 170: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. - Key news
• Exhibit 171: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
• Exhibit 172: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. - Segment focus

• 12.14 Shenzhen Kinwong Electronic Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 173: Shenzhen Kinwong Electronic Co. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 174: Shenzhen Kinwong Electronic Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
• Exhibit 175: Shenzhen Kinwong Electronic Co. Ltd. - Key offerings

• 12.15 Shenzhen SenYan Circuit Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 176: Shenzhen SenYan Circuit Co. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 177: Shenzhen SenYan Circuit Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
• Exhibit 178: Shenzhen SenYan Circuit Co. Ltd. - Key offerings

• 12.16 Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. 
• Exhibit 179: Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 180: Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. - Business segments
• Exhibit 181: Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. - Key news
• Exhibit 182: Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. - Key offerings
• Exhibit 183: Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. - Segment focus

• 12.17 SVR Technologies Pvt. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 184: SVR Technologies Pvt. Ltd. - Overview
• Exhibit 185: SVR Technologies Pvt. Ltd. - Product / Service
• Exhibit 186: SVR Technologies Pvt. Ltd. - Key offerings

13 Appendix

• 13.1 Scope of the report

• 13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist 
• Exhibit 187: Inclusions checklist
• Exhibit 188: Exclusions checklist

• 13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$ 
• Exhibit 189: Currency conversion rates for US$

• 13.4 Research methodology 
• Exhibit 190: Research methodology
• Exhibit 191: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
• Exhibit 192: Information sources

• 13.5 List of abbreviations 
• Exhibit 193: List of abbreviations

Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focus on emerging market trends and provide actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio's report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio's comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

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